Are Bird Flu Cases Rising?

Yes, bird flu cases are currently on the rise, both globally and in the United States. According to data from the USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) and the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 strain has been spreading more aggressively since early 2022 and has continued to affect wild birds and domestic poultry into 2024.

Key Statistics:

In the U.S., over 58 million poultry birds were affected in 2022-2023, marking one of the worst outbreaks in history.

In 2024, outbreaks have persisted year-round, whereas in the past, they typically declined in warmer months. Bird flu has been detected in wild birds across all 50 states, increasing the risk of spread to domestic flocks.

Why Are Bird Flu Cases Rising?

Several factors are contributing to the increase in reported bird flu cases, including:

1. Increased Surveillance and Reporting

Advancements in diagnostic technology and improved monitoring by government agencies have led to earlier detection and more accurate tracking of avian influenza outbreaks. In the past, some cases may have gone undetected, but today, routine testing of commercial and backyard flocks allows for quicker identification and response.

What this means:

• More frequent testing results in higher reported numbers, but it doesn't necessarily mean the virus is spreading more than in the past—it may simply be better tracked.

2. Wild Bird Migration Patterns

Wild birds, particularly waterfowl like ducks and geese, are natural carriers of avian influenza. In recent years, changes in migratory patterns and larger populations of infected birds have increased the virus's spread to new areas.

Key concerns:

Birds that carry the virus can introduce it to domestic flocks through contaminated droppings and shared water sources. The virus has been detected in migratory flyways that intersect with major poultry farming regions.

3. Environmental Conditions

Weather and climate changes have contributed to the persistence of the virus in the environment. Colder, wetter conditions help avian flu viruses survive longer in soil, water, and organic matter, increasing the risk of exposure for poultry farms and backyard flocks.

What makes this year different?

Avian flu typically peaks in colder months, but the virus has remained active year-round, likely due to favorable environmental conditions.

4. Commercial and Backyard Flock Growth

With the rising popularity of backyard chicken keeping, more people are raising poultry in urban and suburban areas. These smaller flocks may have less stringent biosecurity measures, increasing the risk of transmission between flocks.

What you can do:

Backyard flock owners should adopt stricter biosecurity measures to prevent potential exposure from wild birds and neighboring flocks.

5. Potential Virus Mutations

Avian influenza viruses are known for their ability to mutate and adapt. Recent outbreaks have shown strains with increased persistence in wild bird populations, making containment more challenging. Scientists are closely monitoring for any mutations that could increase transmissibility between birds or to humans.

Concerns about mutations:

Although human infection remains rare, ongoing surveillance is crucial to prevent potential public health risks.

How to Protect Your Flock from Bird Flu

Whether you're a backyard chicken keeper or a commercial farmer, the rise in bird flu cases means biosecurity should be a top priority. Here’s what you can do to reduce the risk:

Limit Contact with Wild Birds: Keep your flock enclosed and covered to prevent exposure to wild birds and their droppings. Avoid sharing water sources with wild birds.

Practice Good Biosecurity:

1) Always wash hands and change footwear before and after entering the coop.

2) Sanitize equipment and avoid bringing in outside materials that could carry the virus.

3) Limit visitors to your flock and ensure they follow biosecurity measures.

Monitor Your Birds Closely: Watch for signs of illness, such as respiratory distress, lethargy, or a sudden drop in egg production.

Report any suspected cases to your local agricultural authority immediately.

Stay Informed: Follow updates from reliable sources like the USDA, CDC, and state agricultural departments to stay aware of local outbreaks.

Should Backyard Flock Owners Be Worried?

While commercial farms face the greatest risk due to high-density flocks, backyard chicken keepers should still take precautions.

The likelihood of a backyard flock contracting bird flu is lower with good biosecurity measures, but staying vigilant is essential to protect your birds.

Remember: Every flock is different, and the risks depend on factors such as location, setup, and exposure to wild birds.

The Bottom Line: Bird Flu is a Growing Concern, But Prevention is Key

Yes, bird flu cases are on the rise, and the current strain is more persistent than in previous years. However, by staying informed and following proper biosecurity practices, flock owners can significantly reduce their risk of infection.

Bird flu is a serious issue that requires attention, but with careful management, it’s possible to protect your flock and minimize the impact.

For more tips on keeping your flock safe, download our free eBook The Biosecure Backyard and learn practical steps to identify and reduce risks unique to your flock.

📖Get your free copy here!

Stay safe and stay informed!